alienated and generally dishonored persons.”504 Such slavery was a reality in the Roman world, is accepted in the New Testament and is the institution that shapes the modern understanding of the word slavery through the existence of the enforced ownership and violent submission of African Americans to white slave owners.505 But it is doubtful whether it ever appears in the First Testament or elsewhere in the Middle East.506 According to M. I. Finley, “there have been only five genuine slave societies,